In order to better ensure the physical and psychological integrity of applicants, detention should be a measure of last resort and it should only be possible to detain applicants after all non-custodial alternative measures to detention have been duly examined. The obligation to examine those alternative measures should not prejudge the use of detention where such alternative measures, including residence and reporting obligations, cannot be applied effectively. Any decision imposing detention should state the reasons why other less coercive alternative measures could not be applied effectively. Any alternative measure to detention should respect the fundamental human rights of applicants.