Member States should have the possibility to apply the concept of first country of asylum as a ground for inadmissibility where the applicant enjoyed effective protection and can still avail himself or herself of that protection in a third country, where his or her life and liberty are not threatened on account of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, where he or she is neither subject to persecution nor faces a real risk of serious harm as defined in and where the applicant is protected against refoulement and against removal in violation of the right to protection from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment as laid down in international law.